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Thermodynamic Systems And Control Volume

The term thermodynamic system infers the definite amount of matter that is subjected to thermodynamic analysis. The system is defined by a boundary line beyond which it is referred as surrounding. For a thermodynamic system, mass is fixed and the boundary changes with time.

Control volume is the amount of matter and space bounded by the control surface which is the imaginary boundary (window) along the passage of the considered matter. For control volume, mass varies with time and
 boundary (control surface) is fixed.
  1. 1. SYSTEM,BOUNDARY, SURROUNDINGS System -A thermodynamics system is defined a definite space or area on which the study of Energy Transfer and Energy conversions is made Boundary –The system and surrounding are separated by boundary. It may be fixed or movable or imaginary.It will not occupy any volume or mass in space
  1. 2. Surroundings - Anything outside the system which affects the behaviour of the system is known as surroundings Control volume – A specified large number thermal device has mass flow in and out of a system called as control volume Control surface – Both mass and Energy can cross the boundary of a control volume which is called control surface

  3. 3. CLASSIFICATION OF THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM  Open system:-in open system, the mass as well as energy transfer may take place between system and its surroundings.  Most of Engineering devices are open system.

  5. 4. EXAMPLE OF OPEN SYSTEM:-  Internal combustion engines  Air compressor  Water pump  Steam engine  Boiler 

  7. 5. CLOSED SYSTEM:- *In closed system, the mass with in the boundary of the system remains constant and only the energy transfer may take place between the system and its surroundings. Examples of closed system 1.Pressure cooker 2.A rubber balloon filled with air and tightly closed 3.The gas confined between a piston and cylinder

  9. 6. ISOLATED SYSTEM:- *In an isolated system,neither mass nor energy transfer takes place between the system and its surroundings. Examples of isolated system 1.Thermos flask 2.The universe

  11. 7. THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTY Property - It is defined as any measurable or observable characteristics of the substance when the system remains in equilibrium state.(ie) pressure, temp, density, volume, Energy, specific volume Intensive property - One whose value does not depend on the mass of the system, like temperature,pressure,density, specific volume, etc. (or) These properties are Independent on the mass of the system, these properties remain same Extensive property - One whose value depends on the mass of the system, like volume, total Energy, etc
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